https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24502 Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:18:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30907 2) consumed their habitual diet ± high-oleic peanuts (56–84 g/day), each for 12 weeks. Nutrient intakes, vascular and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and at the end of each 12-week phase. Differences between the ends of each phase were compared by general linear repeated measures ANOVA controlling for baseline. Pearson's correlation analyses determined relationships between differences in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive function. Results: Intakes of bioactive nutrients increased during the peanut phase. CVR was 5% greater in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and 7% greater in the right MCA. Small artery elasticity was 10% greater after peanut consumption; large artery elasticity and blood pressure did not differ between phases. Measures of short-term memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed were also higher following the peanut phase; other cognitive measures did not change. Differences in CVR in the left MCA correlated with differences in delayed memory and recognition. Discussion: Regular peanut consumption improved cerebrovascular and cognitive function; increased intakes of bioactive nutrients may have mediated these improvements.]]> Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:31:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27752 Wed 11 Apr 2018 17:17:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18061 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:31:49 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20239 2; age, 68.8 ± 6.4 year) not meeting Australian physical activity guidelines (150 min/week of moderate to vigorous activity) were randomized to consume capsules containing 21 mg of lutein or placebo with 250 mL of full-cream milk per day for 4 weeks and encouraged to increase physical activity. Physical activity was assessed by self-report, pedometry and accelerometry (daily activity counts and sedentary time). Exercise self-efficacy was assessed by questionnaire. Thirty-nine participants competed the study (Lutein = 19, Placebo = 20). Lutein increased plasma lutein concentrations compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Absolute and percentage changes in plasma lutein were inversely associated with absolute (r = −0.36, p = 0.03) and percentage changes (r = −0.39, p = 0.02) in sedentary time. Percentage change in plasma lutein was positively associated with the percentage change in average daily activity counts (r = 0.36, p = 0.03). Exercise self-efficacy did not change (p = 0.16). Lutein increased plasma lutein, which was associated with increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time in older adults. Larger trials should evaluate whether Lutein can provide health benefits over the longer term.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:57:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22884 vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. In a randomised cross-over design, 61 healthy subjects (65 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 4 kg/m²) alternated either high oleic peanuts (15%-20% of energy) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks. Body composition and mass, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the two diets. Consistent with other nut studies, there were no differences in lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin with peanut consumption. In contrast, some reports have demonstrated benefits, likely due to differences in the study cohort. Energy intake was 10% higher (853 kJ, p < 0.05), following peanut consumption vs. control, attributed to a 30% increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (increase 22 g, p < 0.05). Despite greater energy intake during the peanut phase, there were no differences in body composition, and less than predicted increase (0.5 kg) in body weight for this additional energy intake, possibly due to incomplete nutrient absorption and energy utilisation.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:43:58 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34251 6 months of resistance training (RT) experience performed 12 weeks of RT. Participants consumed 20 g/day of whey protein and were randomised to receive either 1.6 g WGFE/day (WGFE; n = 22) or 1.6 g cellulose/day (control, CONT; n = 24). The primary outcome was leg press one-repetition maximum (LP1-RM) which was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. At baseline and 12 weeks body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and muscle protein synthesis and gene expression were assessed (vastus lateralis biopsy) in a sub-sample (WGFE n = 10, CONT n = 10) pre- and 3 hr post-training. RT increased LP1-RM (+34.9%) and lean tissue mass (+2.3%; p < 0.05) with no difference between treatments (p > 0.48, treatment x time). Post-exercise P70^s6k phosphorylation increased acutely, FOXO3a phosphorylation was unaltered. There were no differences in kinase signalling or gene expression between treatments. Compared with CONT, WGFE did not result in greater increases in lean tissue mass or strength in experienced resistance trained men.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:49:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32856 Wed 02 Mar 2022 14:29:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18879 2; WC: 105 ± 16 and 110 ± 13 cm; BF: 48 ± 5 and 35% ± 6% in women and men respectively. Erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were similar in men and women while docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was higher and EPA + DHA (Omega-3 Index) slightly lower in men than in women. Both DHA and EPA + DHA correlated inversely with BMI, WC and BF in women while DPA correlated inversely with BF in men. Quartile distributions and curvilinear regression of the Omega-3 Index versus BMI revealed a steep rise of BMI in the lower range of the Omega-3 Index in women, but no association in men. Thus the results highlight important gender differences in relationships of specific LC n-3 PUFA in erythrocytes to markers of adiposity. If these reflect causal relationships between LC n-3 PUFA consumption and risk of obesity, gender specific targeted interventions should be considered.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:29:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15586 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:25:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20809 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:58 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21444 P < 0.04) in participants (n = 8) who increased training load (completed light training then heavy training) and, although maximal rate of heart rate increase did not change (P = 0.27), within-individual changes in work were correlated with changes in maximal rate of heart rate increase (r = 0.87, P = 0.005). Work during 5 min cycle time-trial increased 6.5% (P < 0.001) in 9 participants who decreased training load (completed heavy training then light training) and maximal rate of heart rate increase increased 28% (P = 0.002) but the changes in maximal work were not related to changes in rate of heart rate increase (r = 0.32, P = 0.40). Heart rate recovery tended to track changes in 5 min cycle time-trial work following increases and decreases in training load (r = 0.65–0.75, P = 0.03–0.08). Conclusions: Maximal rate of heart rate increases during cycling at 100 W tracks reductions in exercise performance when training load is increased, but not performance improvements when training loads are reduced. Maximal rate of heart rate increase may be a useful adjunct to heart rate recovery for tracking changes in exercise performance.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19495 N = 107 (51 female, 56 male)] and healthy-weight [N = 132 (56 female, 76 male)] 10- to 13-year-old children. Body mass index, body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), isokinetic/isometric peak KE torques (dynamometry) and physical activity (accelerometry) were assessed. Results revealed that compared with their healthy-weight peers, obese children had higher absolute KE torques (P ≤ 0.005), equivocal KE torques when allometrically normalized for fat-free mass (FFM) (P ≥ 0.448) but lower relative KE torques when allometrically normalized for body mass (P ≤ 0.008). Adjustments for maternal education, income and accelerometry had little impact on group differences, except for isometric KE torques relative to body mass which were no longer significantly lower in obese children (P ≥ 0.013, not significant after controlling for multiple comparisons). Percent body fat was inversely related to KE torques relative to body mass (r = −0.22 to −0.35, P ≤ 0.002), irrespective of maternal education, income or accelerometry. In conclusion, while obese children have higher absolute KE strength and FFM, they have less functional KE strength (relative to mass) available for weight-bearing activities than healthy-weight children. The finding that FFM-normalized KE torques did not differ suggests that the intrinsic contractile properties of the KE muscles are unaffected by obesity. Future research is needed to see if deficits in KE strength relative to mass translate into functional limitations in weight-bearing activities.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20512 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21320 P=0.006), pain in more locations (P≤0.005), and a higher prevalence of lower limb pain (60% vs. 52% respectively, P=0.012) than healthy-weight children. Significant relationships were observed between body mass index and total pain locations (P≤0.004, unadjusted and adjusted) and worst pain intensity (P≤0.009, adjusted for socioeconomic status/accelerometry). There were no significant relationships between percent body fat and pain variables (unadjusted/adjusted analyses, P = 0.262 to 1.0). Discussion: Obesity in children was associated with increased overall and lower limb musculoskeletal pain, for which body mass index was a stronger predictor than adiposity. Clinicians treating obese children should screen for pain and prescribe exercise programs that take their symptoms into account.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26834 max) of the right knee extensor muscles. For the next 7 days, 25 participants applied cycloidal vibration therapy to the knee extensors twice daily and 25 participants performed stretching and sports massage (SSM) twice daily. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in markers of muscle damage [peak isometric torque (PIT), serum creatine kinase (CK), and serum myoglobin (Mb)], muscle soreness (visual analog scale), and inflammation [serum C-reactive protein (CRP)] were assessed. Results: After ECC_max, there was no difference in recovery of PIT and muscle soreness or serum CK, Mb, and CRP levels between vibration and SSM groups (P > 0.28). Conclusions: Cycloidal vibration therapy is no more effective than the standard practice of stretching and massage to promote muscle recovery after the performance of muscle-damaging exercise. Clinical Relevance: Prescription of vibration therapy after maximal exercise involving eccentric muscle damage did not alleviate signs and symptoms of muscle damage faster than the standard prescription of stretching and massage.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28286 cyc) and running at 8 km/h (rHRI_run) in 13 male triathletes following two weeks of light-training (LT), two weeks of heavy-training (HT) and a two-day recovery period (RP). A five min cycling time-trial assessed performance and peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak). Results: Performance likely decreased following HT (Effect size ± 90% confidence interval = -0.18 ± 0.09), then very likely increased following RP (0.32 ± 0.14). rHRI_cyc very likely decreased (-0.48 ± 0.24), and rHRIrun possibly decreased (-0.33 ± 0.48), following HT. Changes in both measures were unclear following RP. Steady-state HR was almost certainly lower (-0.81 ± 0.31) during rHRI_cyc than rHRI_run. A large correlation was found between reductions in performance and rHRI_run (r ± 90%; CI = 0.65 ± 0.34) from LT to HT, but was unclear for rHRI_cyc. Trivial within-subject correlations were found between rHRI and performance, but the strength of relationship between rHRI_run and performance was largely associated with VO_2peak following LT (r = -0.58 ± 0.38). Conclusions: Performance reductions were most sensitively tracked by rHRI_run following HT. This may be due to rHRI_run being assessed at a higher intensity than rHRI_cyc, inferred from a higher steady-state HR and supported by a stronger within-subject relationship between rHRI_run and performance in individuals with a lower VO_2peak, in whom the same exercise intensity would represent a greater physiological stress. rHRI assessed at relatively high exercise intensities may better track performance changes.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29263 0.6). There were inverse within-subject relationships between indices of HRR and performance (r = −0.6, p ≤ 0.004). Peak HR decreased 3.2 ± 5.1 bpm following heavy training (p = 0.06) and significantly increased 4.9 ± 4.3 bpm following recovery (p = 0.004). There was a moderate within-subject relationship between peak HR and exercise performance (r = 0.7, p ≤ 0.001). Controlling for peak HR reduced the relationships between HRR and performance (r = −0.4–0.5, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that HRR tracks short-term changes in exercise performance within-individuals, such that increases in HRR are associated with poorer exercise performance following heavy training. Peak HR can be compromised under conditions of fatigue, and needs to be taken into account in HRR analyses.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29225 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28570 trans-resveratrol can enhance nitric oxide bioavailability, thereby increasing endothelium-dependent vasodilation. We have now shown that acute administration of resveratrol elicits dose-dependent increases of FMD with greater potency than other vasoactive nutrients and that this benefit is sustained following regular consumption. We describe the potential implications of this vasodilator benefit of resveratrol and its role in enhancing cerebrovascular and cognitive functions.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26499 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) hyperactivity (r = -.270, p =.002) and DSM-IV inattention (r = -.343, p <.001). Conclusion: Increasing erythrocyte DHA and EPA via dietary supplementation may improve behavior, attention, and literacy in children with ADHD.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22696 max) of the right knee extensor muscles. For the next 7 days, 25 participants applied cycloidal vibration therapy to the knee extensors twice daily and 25 participants performed stretching and sports massage (SSM) twice daily. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in markers of muscle damage [peak isometric torque (PIT), serum creatine kinase (CK), and serum myoglobin (Mb)], muscle soreness (visual analog scale), and inflammation [serum C-reactive protein (CRP)] were assessed. Results: After ECC_max, there was no difference in recovery of PIT and muscle soreness or serum CK, Mb, and CRP levels between vibration and SSM groups (P > 0.28). Conclusions: Cycloidal vibration therapy is no more effective than the standard practice of stretching and massage to promote muscle recovery after the performance of muscle-damaging exercise. Clinical Relevance: Prescription of vibration therapy after maximal exercise involving eccentric muscle damage did not alleviate signs and symptoms of muscle damage faster than the standard prescription of stretching and massage.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33258 -0.26, P < 0.03). There were no significant relationships between individual LCn3PUFA or the Omega-3 Index and either the depression scores or the angina symptoms. Conclusion: Worse angina status was associated with worse depression, but the Omega-3 Index was not associated with symptoms of depression or angina in patients with heart disease.]]> Fri 01 Apr 2022 09:26:53 AEDT ]]>